Three Dharma Seals | Buddhist Teachings
Anitya, anātman, and nirvāṇa — the three marks of existence in early and Mahāyāna Buddhism with Sanskrit/Pāli terms and Āgama sources.
Overview
Anitya, anātman, and nirvāṇa — the three marks of existence in early and Mahāyāna Buddhism with Sanskrit/Pāli terms and Āgama sources.
Key topics
- Three Dharma Seals
- impermanence
- non-self
- nirvāṇa
- Buddhist doctrine
- Buddhist studies exam
- CBETA
- canon studies
Related reading
- Four Noble Truths & Noble Eightfold Path | Buddhist Teachings
- Āgama Division | Chinese Tripiṭaka Canon
- CBETA Guide | Academic Resources
- Canon Studies | Academic Resources
- Foundational Buddhist Teachings | Overview
Module
This page belongs to the Buddhist Teachings section.
Full article in Chinese
The complete scholarly article with extended analysis and primary-source citations is available in Traditional Chinese and Simplified Chinese.
Further Reading
Further reading
Doctrine topics

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Glossary
- anitya
- Sanskrit: anitya · Pāli: anicca
- nirvāṇa
- Sanskrit: nirvāṇa · Pāli: nibbāna
CBETA Scripture Links
CBETA reader interface is in Chinese; search results link to the scripture.
Further Academic Reading
Selected papers from the NTU Buddhist Digital Library (catalog titles may be in Chinese or Japanese).