Critical Buddhism | Japanese Buddhism
Critical Buddhism: Japanese Buddhist history, Kamakura schools, and Critical Buddhism debates for comparative religion courses. Connects to Hong Kong and Chinese Buddhist cultural context.
Overview
Critical Buddhism: Japanese Buddhist history, Kamakura schools, and Critical Buddhism debates for comparative religion courses. Connects to Hong Kong and Chinese Buddhist cultural context.
Key topics
- Japanese Buddhism
- Critical Buddhism
- Hong Kong Buddhism
- Buddhist art
- temple culture
Related reading
- Nirvāṇa Division | Chinese Tripiṭaka Canon
- Ratnakūṭa Division | Chinese Tripiṭaka Canon
- Hong Kong Buddhist Temples | Chinese Buddhism
- Taiwan Buddhist Temples | Chinese Buddhism
- Sui–Tang Period | Buddhist Art Timeline
Module
This page belongs to the Japanese Buddhism section.
Full article in Chinese
The complete scholarly article with extended analysis and primary-source citations is available in Traditional Chinese and Simplified Chinese.
Further Reading
Art & culture
- Hong Kong Buddhist Temples
- Taiwan Buddhist Temples
- Sui–Tang Period
- Chinese Han Buddhist Architecture

Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA
Glossary
- Critical Buddhism
Scholarly debate: opposing views
Critical view
Matsumoto Shiro, Hakamaya Noriaki
Tathāgatagarbha resembles a substantialist view (dhatu-vāda), conflicting with non-self and dependent origination.
Rebuttal
Takasaki Jikidō, Hirakawa Akira, Lambert Schmithausen
Tathāgatagarbha is an expedient teaching, not substantialism; narrowing Buddhism to early teachings ignores two millennia of Mahāyāna development.
CBETA Scripture Links
CBETA reader interface is in Chinese; search results link to the scripture.
Further Academic Reading
Selected papers from the NTU Buddhist Digital Library (catalog titles may be in Chinese or Japanese).