The Second Council at Vesali

The Vesali council and the ten points, set beside later stories of the first schism.

This page separates early textual evidence, modern scholarly discussion, and later readings. Historical study sits beside practice; it does not replace it.

The full article is available in Traditional Chinese.

The Ashokan pillar at Vaishali, with a lion at the top
Ashokan pillar at Vaishali

Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 2.5 / Bpilgrim